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:: Chlorine Dioxide - Tecsa Clor And Tecsa Frutas ::

Applications And Dosages

:: Pre-Harvest ::

We have the opportunity to utilise TECSA CLOR and TECSA FRUTAS in the traditional extensive farming of various crops as well as in the intensive environment of hydroponics. We use the word "hydroponics" to mean any system under shade cloth, plastic, multispans, glasshouses, greenhouse or nurseries. The areas of application and Dosages for TECSA CLOR and TECSA FRUTAS are as follows:
  1. Foliar Spray (traditional extensive farming and in hydroponics).
  2. Soil fumigation of soil or hydroponics media.
  3. Hydroponics only
    • treatment of fertigated water
    • treatment of wet walls
    • sanitation
  4. Miscellaneous application
    • spider mite control
    • dip treatment for table grapes
We well outline in further detail each application and their Dosages.

1. Foliar Spray

As indicated TECSA CLOR offers unique characteristics of:
  1. an oxidant chemical species which reacts at the molecular level of the bacteria or fungi.
  2. A 7 day localised systemic action.
  3. An efficient contact preventative killer of bacteria and fungi.
  4. The ability reduce resistance of current systemic of contact fungicides and bactericides. (TECSA CLOR is to be use in conjunction with fungicides and bactericides which have different modes of action. It is not to be used in place of these products, by itself.
  5. No residue on the crops.
  6. No toxicity to humans and no phytotoxicity to plants.
  7. No withholding period after spraying (Chlorine Dioxide is an approved chemical for the production of drinking water throughout the world).
We should be in possession of registration in terms of Act 36 of 1947 during the 3rd quarter of 2001.

The applications and Dosages for various bacterial and fungal species are given for a range of crops. The greatest experience with TECSA CLOR as a foliar spray has been on the following crops:
  • table grapes
  • wine grapes
  • citrus
  • vegetables (tomatoes, onions, etc)
Outlined below are the crops, the micro organisms and Dosage regime that have been successfully evaluated, over some 5 years, using TECSA CLOR and TECSA FRUTAS. The Dosage given is the quantity of TECSA CLOR used per 1000 litres and the quantity of TECSA FRUTAS to dose is 20 % of that shown. An example is, for table grapes to combat botrytis is 2 litres TECSA CLOR and 400 ml TECSA FRUTAS in 1000 litres of spray water.


Usage Recommendations ::

Cultivation Disease Dosage
CC/100 1 Water
Observations
Grapes (table, wine) Botrytis, Oidium, Mildew (other fungus like Aspergillium, Penicillium, Phomopsis Sacc, etc) 50 ppm at 1 litres per 1000 litres of water To apply preventively in bloom (of table), 60% flower, cluster closing, paints and pre harvest.
  Corona Gall (4cc/L) Remove completely the gall, treat the injury with a cupric derive (4 to 5 repetition every 10 min)
Citrus (Orange tree, Clementine, Lemon tree and Mandarin) Alternaria citri Ellis, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Septoria citri Pass, Botrytis, Penicillium, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Phytophthora. 50 ppm at 2 litres per 1000 litre of water When infection risk exists
Kiwifruit Agrobacterium tumefaciens (4cc/L) Extirpate the gill completely, and treat the wound mixed with a cupric derivative (4 to 5 repetitions every 10 minutes)
  Agrobacterium tumefaciens    
Simon Chondrostereum purpureum 50ppm at 1litres per 1000 litres of water per ha To apply preventively before pruning and to cover pruning courts with brushstrokes to 4 cc/L
  Phytophthora cryptogea Pethby 400 ppm at 8 litres per 1000 litres of water In spring to make cup in the floor and to add 100 to 200 L of water for tree accompanied by a severe pruning and to paint courts.
  Botrytis 50 ppm at 1 litres per 1000 litres of water per ha If the conditions are given (rain of summer) make preventive applications
Nectarines, Peaches Agrobacterium spp. (4cc/L) extirpate the gill completely, and treat the wound mixed with a cupric derivative (4 to 5 repetitions every 10 minutes)
Apricots, Plums, Cherries. Pseudomonas spp. 50 ppm at 1 litre per 1000litre of water Mainly in orchards in formation, to apply from the beginnings of fall of leaves and in the area of swollen yolk.
Cherry and Almond tree Chondrosterum 50 ppm at 1 litres per 1000 litres of water per ha To apply preventively before pruning and to cover pruning courts with brushstrokes to 4 cc/L)
  Tranzschelia 50 ppm at 2litres per 1000 litres of water When observing the first pocks, to repeat every 7 days.
  Monilinia 50 ppm at 1 litres per 1000 litres of water per ha To apply especially in fall of leaves in the stadiums of swollen yolk.
  To apply in button before full flower, and repeat during the flowering in the measure that the climatic conditions persist favourable to the growth of the microorganism.
  Oidium 50 ppm at 1 litres per 1000 litres of water per ha To apply from now on from fall of petals.
  Botritis 50 ppm at 1 litres per 1000 litres of water per ha If the conditions are given (summer rain) to make preventive applications
Apples and Pear tree Agrobacterium (4cc/L) Extirpate the gill completely, and treat the wound mixed with a derived cupric (4 to 5 repetitions every 10 minutes)
  Nectria galligena (European, black rough and granular) 50 ppm at 1 litres per 1000 litres of water per ha To apply when it is necessary during the autumn, to burn branches that still has remnants with cancer that have been pruned during the months of heat. In case black cancer it is suggested applications in periodic form from the crumb and while the favorable conditions persist.
  Aternaria spp. 50 ppm at 1 litres per 1000 litres of water per ha To apply in full flower.
  Phomopsis (4cc/L) Prune and burn the sick branch and treat the cuts.
  Botrytis and Oidium 50 ppm at 1 litres per 1000 litres of water per ha To apply in fall of petals, to repeat if went necessary each 7 to 10 days.
Blueberries and Raspberries Agrobacterium (4cc/L) Extirpate the gill completely, treat the wound mixing with of a cupric derivatives (4 to 5 repetitions every 10 minutes).
  Monilinia 50 ppm at 1 litres per 1000 litres of water per ha To apply previous to the crumb
  Botrytis, Oidium, Antracnosis Septoriosis and Tranzschelia 50 ppm at 1 litres per 1000 litres of water per ha To apply when having conditions in crumb and bloom beginnings. To repeat each 7 to 10 days.
  Phomopsis (4cc/L) Prune and burn the sick branchlet and treat the cuts and wounded.
  Monilinia 50 ppm at 1 litres per 1000 litres of water per ha To apply between crumb and bloom in the measure that conditions exist is predisposed.
Phytophthora 400 ppm at 8 litres per 1000 litres of water 50 ppm at 1 litres per 1000 litres of water per ha In spring to make cup in the floor and to add 100 to 200 L of water for tree accompanied by a strong pruning painting the cuts.
Avocado Dothiorella spp. (4cc/L) Prune and burn the sick branch and treat the cuts and wounded.
Walnut Agrobacterium (4cc/L) Extirpate the gill completely, treat the wound mixing with of a derived cupric (4 to 5 repetitions every 10 minutes).
  Xanthomonas spp. 50 ppm at 1 litres per 1000 litres of water per ha To apply withrecently exposed catkins and repeat it periodically while favorable environmental conditions persist. The second and third application should coincide
respectively with the beginning and 50% of flowers open pistiladas.
Vegetables Alternaria sp. on (pepper, paprika, artichoke cucurbits, cauliflower and tomato). 50 ppm at 1 litres per 1000 litres of water per ha When the problem appears
  Esclerotiniosis on (pepper, paprika, celery, cucurbits, tomato, asparagus, cabbage, cauliflower, tomato and carrot). 50 ppm at 1 litres per 1000 litres of water per ha When the problem appears or two weeks after transplanted with a preventive spray.
  Botrytis on (artichoke, onion, garlic, cucurbits, asparagus, lettuce and tomato) 50 ppm at 2 litres per 1000 litres ofwater When the problem appears and apply with periodic sprays.
  Oidium on (artichoke, tomato, cucurbits) 50 ppm at 1 litres per 1000 litres of water per ha When the problem appears and apply with periodic sprays.
  Erwinia on (celery, asparagus and carrot). 50 ppm at 1 litre per 1000 litre of water. Disinfect the vegetable for 5 minutes at the time of harvesting
  Mildew on (onion, garlic, lettuce, cabbage and cauliflower) 50 ppm at 2litres per 1000 litres of water When the problem appears and apply with periodic sprays.
Ornamental flowers Botrytis, Septoria, Oidium and Uromyces 100ppm at 1 litres per 1000 litres of water per ha. To begin applications when the first symptoms appear.
Disinfection of cold rooms   2 to 4 cc per m3 For fungal and bacterial control
Sanitation of surfaces, equipment floors and walls   50 ppm at 1 litres per 1000 litres of water per ha Control of bacteria and fungal contamination in hydrocoolers using a shock dose of 100ppm for continuous control use 2 to 10 ppm and maintain the concentration by means of a test kit.
Bin washing   50 ppm at 1 litres per 1000 litres of water per ha For control of bacterial and fungal contamination.
Miscellaneous Dilute 1 part TECSA CLOR with 3 parts water and apply with a fogger into the cold room with or without produce. Cover the top layer of produce with a plastic sheet to prevent any spotting.
  Cleaning of drip irrigation lines use a shock dose of 100ppm off line.
Continuous clening of water lines use 2 to 10 ppm


Notes:
  1. To use TECSA CLOR and TECSA FRUTAS in crop / foliar spray it is necessary to Use TECSA CLOR at the recommended Dosage and to use TECSA FRUTAS at 20% of that Dosage eg 2 litres of TECSA CLOR per 1000 litres of watern will require a Dosage of 400 ml of TECSA FRUTAS.
  2. For the " washing " of trees (insects, acaricide and fumigation control) to use 200cc TECSA FRUTAS and 100cc TECSA CLOR in 100 L of water, with good pressure (50 bars), to totally wet the tree or plant.
  3. TECSA CLOR can mix with all the fungicides and insecticides. In the case of applying in combined form, it is recommended first to mix TECSA CLOR-TECSA FRUTAS and then to add the other product.
  4. Cautions: not to carry out applications with more temperatures to 18° C and in waters with smaller pH at 5.0.
  5. Store the products in cool very well ventilated storerooms out of direct sunlight and in the original container.
  6. TECSA CLOR does not have an activation or make up requirement.
2. Soil Fumigation
TECSA CLOR has shown its capabilities as a means for eradicating soil borne fungi, bacteria and viruses. Used in conjunction with TECSA FRUTAS we are able to assist in the re-growth of saprophytic fungi and bacteria including the rhizobus family of bacteria which assist in the conditioning of soil.

We can apply our technology through either a liquid formulation or granule formulation.

Dosage: 10-50kg per ha depending upon the severity of the microbiological infestation.

It is our intention to put together a "cocktail" which would include a nematicide, soil conditioners (rhizobus bacteria) together with our proprietary Chlorine Dioxide technology.

Application: We need to undertake various field trials to finalise the various methods of application that we have available to us.

3. Hydroponics ::
Hydroponics or intensive farming needs strict bio-security control to eliminate the various vectors which can be used to spread disease in a hydroponic facility. We need to focus on each aspect to reduce the potential for the spread of disease by:
  1. Treatment of fertigated water (fertiliser, nutrient and biological control agent (BCA) mixes) to prevent the spread of root diseases such as pythium, fusarium, phytophthora, alternaria and rhizoctonia micro-organisms. This is particularly necessary where nutrient gravel film systems are used where the fertigated water is continually re-cycled or where regulations require the fertigated water to be re-cycled. Dosage : 40 ml to 100 ml of TECSA CLOR per 1000 litres of water. (2 litres to 5 litres per 50 000 litres of water).
Studies undertaken by the Horticultural Research and Development Corporation (HRDC) in Australia have shown that the most effective techniques for the disinfestation of waterborne fungi like pythium are : ultra violet light, ozone, chlorine dioxide (TECSA CLOR)

Advantages / Disadvantages Of Water Disinfestation Systems.

Method Advantages Disadvantages Cost
Sand filtration No chemicals Does not control fusarium Cheap
Membrane No chemicals High maintenance costs Expensive Filtration
Heat No chemicals Expensive process Expensive
Hypochlorous acid Does not work - -
Chlorine gas effectively above - -
HTH Simple pH 7 Cheap
Chlorine dioxide Works in poor quality water at any pH None quoted Cheap
Chlorobromine 3 active ingredients Does not control pythium Expensive Running costs
Ozone No residual chemicals Works better at below pH7 Expensive will get cheaper.
UV Light No chemicals Works efficiently only in good quality water.
No residual.
Works below pH7
Cheap

  1. Foliar spray to overcome various bacterial or fungal leaf diseases. Here the TECSA CLOR is used in conjunction with the TECSA FRUTAS to assist in wetting of leaves.
    Dosage : As shown in the table above. Typically the Dosage is 1 litre TECSA CLOR per 1000 litres of water for heavy spray cover of the plant. The TECSA FRUTAS is used at 100 ml per 1000 litres of water. (The two products are added into the water separately).

    TECSA CLOR can be used in conjunction with any other fungicide / bactericide. Our Principle's have experience where the TECSA CLOR is mixed with herbicides, insecticides etc with NO phytotoxic OR incompatible reactions. We still, however, recommend that any cocktails are tried out on small areas to prove to the user that no problems may arise.
  2. Sanitation:: This covers the provision for foot baths, spraying of equipment used in the hydroponic area (pruning equipment, spraying equipment etc) fogging of the environment within the hydroponic area, sanitising plant trays and people's hands.
    Dosage : 1 litre TECSA CLOR per 100 litres of water.

    (Fogging in a Hurricane Fogger at the rate of 1 litre TECSA CLOR into 4 litres of water where 2 - 4 ml TECSA CLOR is required per square metre of area.

  3. Wetwalls:: In fully environmentally controlled hydroponic facilities it is commonplace to use wet walls for humidity and cooling control. Wet walls are generally made from specifically prepared cardboard, thus providing an ideal substrate for algal contamination. (It is possible to have various fungal or bacterial contaminants to be "pulled through" the wet walls). Algae can block the pores of the wet walls thereby reducing the ability of the wet walls to control humidity and temperature.
    Dosage : A shock dose of 1 to 2 litres TECSA CLOR per wet wall re-circulating water system which will keep the wet wall free of algae for approximately 2 weeks after the second dose.

    Depending upon the severity of the algal infestation, the first shock treatment may last for only a few days before it needs to be repeated.

    The frequency of dosing can be decided upon because the TECSA CLOR can easily be measured in water. When the residual drops below 5 ppm it will be necessary to repeat the shock dose.
4 : Miscellaneous ::
The combination of TECSA CLOR and TECSA FRUTAS has been shown to be effective against red spider mites and for dipping of grapes covered with "honeydew" or dirt.
Dosage : 2 litres TECSA CLOR and 2 litres TECSA FRUTAS added to 100 litres of water and used with a "washing" spray on trees or plants for red spider mite control.

5: Other Applications ::
  1. Fogging
  2. Fishmeal
Monitoring ::

1. Chlorine Dioxide
Outside of the properties, applications and approvals for our liquid Chlorine Dioxide products, the other major advantage of this technology is the ability to measure and control the dosing.

We have a number of ways of measuring the residual of our Chlorine Dioxide products. There are:
  • For Harvest Wash, Oxine, Potato Wash And PurogenE.
    1. Oxystix - semi quantitative measurement of residual using a dipstick. It can measure 0.5, 2, 5,10, 25, 50 and 50 ppm residuals. A colour chart is on every box of OXYSTIX.
    2. Test Kit - Quantitative process procedure which can measure the residual. This procedure can measure 0-10 ppm at 1 ppm intervals and 0 - 50 ppm at 5 ppm intervals.
    3. Laboratory Titration - Accuracy of 0.025 ppm.
  • For Tecsa Clor.
    1. A specific test kit that can measure 0-100ppm at 1 ppm intervals.


    


:: Infomation Board ::




Biofilm & Biofouling Manual is now available on our web page. Go to "Downloads" for all the information on Biofirlms & biofouling you need but were afraid to ask.

SABS 1853 approved for RTU-Oxine WT.





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marina@btcproducts.co.za

collette@btcproducts.co.za

brandon@btcproducts.co.za

bradley@btcproducts.co.za

 

P.O. Box 1611
Randburg
2125, ZA





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